Superfruits


ELLAGIC ACID PRESENT IN MANY SUPERFRUITS AS POLYPHENOLSThe name Superfruit was first coined in 2005. Superfruits were gauzed on the basis of combine’s exceptional nutrient and antioxidant qualities as well as disease fighting ability of the fruits as shown below from the information taken from Wikipedia encyclopedia. However, apples, oranges, tomatoes, and the other common berries are not shown in the table below, such as strawberries, red raspberries, and blackberries used by a large number of consumers may achieve by many of the criteria to be superfruits. When all the superfruits were compared acai ranked as number #1 and pomegranate as number #2 superfruits among them:

Superfruits

Principal Nutrients

Key Antioxidants

Recent Anti-Disease Research

Açaí

omega fatty acids, dietary fiber

anthocyanins, exceptional ORAC

leukemia

Blueberry

vitamin C, manganese

Anthocyanidin

inflammation

Cranberry

vitamin C

anthocyanins

oral bacteria

Grape

manganese

resveratrol

atherosclerosis, lipid peroxidation

Guarana+

n/a

n/a

mental fatigue

Mango

dietary fiber, vitamin C

carotenoids, polyphenols 

myocardial vascular disease

Mangosteen

dietary fiber, thiamin

exocarp xanthones

leukemia

Noni

vitamin C, potassium

lignans

inflammation, cancer

Pomegranate

vitamin C

punicalagins, ellagic acid

prostate cancer cardiovascular disease

Seabuckthorn

vitamins A,C,E

carotenoids, polyphenols

inflammation

Wolfberry

dietary fiber, riboflavin

carotenoids, polyphenols

neurological disease

Like ellagic acid which is a polyphenolic compound, claims have been made through testimonial results that acai containing flavonoid compunds Prolongs Life, Increases Energy, Increases Overall Strength, Helps to Look and Feel Younger,  Maintains Healthy Blood Pressure, Prevents Cancer, Maintains Healthy Cholesterol Levels, Promotes Normal Blood Sugar, Enhances Sexual Function, Helps to Lose Weight, Relieves Headaches and Dizziness, Improves Quality of Sleep, Improves Vision, Strengthens Heart, Inhibits Lipid Peroxidation, Improves Disease Resistance, Strengthens Immune System, Helps Body Fight Cancer, Inhibits Tumor Growth, Reduces the Toxic Effects of Chemotherapy and Radiation, Helps with Chronic Dry Cough, Fights Inflammation and Arthritis, Improves Lymphocyte Count, Improves Menopausal Symptoms, Prevents Morning Sickness, Improves Fertility, Strengthens Muscles and Bones, Supports Normal Kidney Function, Improves Memory, Keeps Healthy Liver Function, Alleviates Anxiety and Stress, Improves Mood, Improves Digestion, Maintains Healthy Gums, Fights Fibromyalgia, Prevents Allergies, Increases injury recovery, Helps to Reduce Physical Injuries, Relieves Arthritis Pain, Helps to Clear Skin of Warts, Reduces the Occurrence of Seizures, Helps Improve & Even Cure Leukemia, Fights General Depression, Supports Weight Loss through Fat Loss, Helps Slow Down the Aging Process, Removes Free Radicals, Contains very High Levels of Fibers, Cleanses and Detoxifies Infectious Toxins, Prevents Heart Problems, Improves Mental Focus, Improves Circulation, and Cures Osteoporosis.

The Acai Berry is loaded with a class of flavonoids called anthocyanins. Highest recorded amount appears to be specifically in the seed coat of black soybean, containing some 2,000 mg per 100g and in skins and pulp of black chokeberry about 1480mg per 100 g., however, the Amazonian palmberry, açaí, containing about 320 mg per 100 g.  Acai recently has become very popular throughout the World as number one super fruit. Pomegranate came to the attention of researchers much earlier and considered as number two super fruit. In 2007, scientists with the United States Department of Agriculture published an updated list of Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) values for 277 foods commonly consumed by the U.S. population (fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, spices, grains, etc.).  Some of the fruits ORAC values extrapolated in 100 g serving are as follows: Acia 18,500, Pomegranate 3,307, Blackberries 2,700, Blueberries 2,400, Cherries 670, Grapes (red) 739, Grapefruit 483, Oranges 750, Prunes 289, Raspberries 1,220, and Strawberries 1, 540. Some thinks acai berry contains ellagic acid.  The following is a listing of the other foods with the highest ORAC values based on a standard serving size: Unsweetened Baking Chocolate- 14479, Raw Elderberries- 10655, Red Delicious Apple -7781, Granny Smith Apple - 7094, Pomegranate Juice- 5923, Dark Chocolate Bar - 5903, Uncooked Prunes - 5700, Red Wine - 5693, Boiled Artichokes - 5650, Aloe Vera Juice - 5335, natural cocoa powder tops the list with a score of 26,000. The antioxidant found in Pomegranate is Punicalagins. Punicalagins are tannins containing large polyphenolic compounds. The Punicalagins hydrolyze into smaller polyphenols such as ellagic acid. There are several types of polyphenols (phenolic acids, hydrolysable tannins, and flavonoids) show anticarcinogenic and antimutagenic effects.

According to information published in the Journal of Food Sciences in 1977 the highest levels of ellagic acid are also found in raspberries, strawberries, cranberries, and walnut as shown below as .  Ellagic acid content of strawberries and rasberries was also tested by Ohio State University as shown by their Website. From it recommendations for daily intake for humans can be made for fresh berries or a process product to be used as nutraceutical containing food:

Food Sources of* Ellagic Acid

Mcg per Gram
Dry Weight

Red Raspberries
Strawberries
Walnuts
Pecans
Cranberries

1500
630
590
330
120

Until the time safety and efficacy of ellagic acid is not established in humans  FDA will consider ellagic acid as "Fake Cancer Cure Consumers Should Avoid ".  Nevertheless, the American Cancer Society Website shows ... Ellagic acid seems to have some anti-cancer properties. It can act as an anti-oxidant, and has been found to cause cell death in cancer cells in the laboratory. In other laboratory studies, ellagic acid seems to reduce the effect of estrogen in promoting growth of breast cancer cells in tissue cultures. There are also reports that it may help the liver to break down or remove some cancer-causing substances from the blood.

The Super foods guaranteed to change your life

Dried fruit can be a terrific source of health-promoting nutrients as the fruits’ benefits remain and are actually concentrated if you measure by volume. (Except for Vitamin C: there’s little C in dried fruit.) It’s getting easier to find variety in dried fruits beyond raisins, dates and prunes in your local market. Blueberries, cranberries, cherries, currents, apricots and figs are now more readily available. One thing to think about when you buy dried fruit is pesticides. Some fruit is heavily sprayed with chemicals to prevent pests and mold. Of course when the fruit is dried, the chemicals are concentrated. Blueberries and cranberries are not a heavily treated crop but strawberries and grapes (and thus raisins) are and so go organic when possible.

SuperfruitContents from Wikipedia encyclopediaSuperfruit, a marketing term first used in the food and beverage industry in 2005,[citation needed] refers to a fruit which combines exceptional nutrient richness and antioxidant quality with appealing taste that can stimulate and retain loyalty for consumer products. Some popular fruits like strawberries, blackcurrants, blackberries or oranges are not commonly mentioned as superfruits despite excellent nutritional properties, apparently because they have not been marketed specifically as superfruits.

Resulting from a deliberate business strategy of a manufacturer to bring together marketing, science and potential health value to consumers, a superfruit product is specifically designed in manufacturing and marketing.[1][2]

Keys to marketing a successful superfruit product include the native fruit qualities, scientific evidence supporting a potential health benefit, marketing, protection of intellectual property and developing an appealing strategy to attract consumers.[1] Combined in the right way, these elements may allow a fruit to achieve "critical mass" as a superfruit.

To date, superfruits have been developed mainly as juices, but began in 2007 to appear as single piece products or as ingredients for functional foods, confectioneries and cosmetics. Current industry development includes applications for creating novel consumer products, such as energy drinks, dietary supplements, and flavors with nutrient qualities, e.g. fortified water.

Although used increasingly in new food and beverage products, superfruits have not been defined by scientific criteria that would allow consumers to objectively assess nutrient value and potential for furnishing health benefits. Consequently, the term superfruit is used liberally to include a growing list of common and rare fruits, some having sparse scientific evidence for being "super".

Contents[hide]
SignificanceThe superfruit category is a relatively new marketing approach for promoting common or rare fruits used as raw materials and ingredients for the global industries of functional foods, beverages and nutraceuticals. The fruits have nutritional significance due to their nutrient richness, antioxidant value or anticipated health benefits. Superfruits have commercial significance associated with their novelty of taste, color, number of food or beverage product formats or potential to stimulate future products with innovative packaging and labeling.

The superfoods category is forecast to become a $10 billion global industry by 2011[3] with several thousand new superfruit products expected to enter the marketplace in 2007–8.[4] According to DataMonitor, superfruit product launches over 2007–8 grew at a rate of 67%.[citation needed]

Origin and backgroundIn 2004, the term superfoods was popularized by a best-selling book discussing 14 whole foods with extraordinary nutrition.[5] One – the blueberry – became known as a superfruit when its exceptional antioxidant properties were revealed by publication of United States Department of Agriculture assays on antioxidant strength, the oxygen radical absorbance capacity or ORAC for 100 common foods.[6] Wild blueberries ("lowbush", Vaccinium angustifolium) were at the top of the 2004 rankings for fruit. By refinement of theORAC assay and new analyses published in 2006-7, other berry fruits such as açaí,[7] wolfberry (goji berry),[8] elderberry[9] andcranberry,[9] have superseded blueberries on the antioxidant rankings, attention possibly caused by growing consumer demand for superfruits.

Indicating industry enthusiasm for novel product development, superfruits have been called "the future of health",[10] "fruits of the future"[11] "superheroes of functionality"[12] and "heroes in the natural food marketplace".[13] More than a dozen industry publications on functional foods and beverages have referred to various exotic or antioxidant species as superfruits with estimates for some 10,000 new product introductions in 2007–8.[4]

However, definition of a superfruit remains obscure with no scientific standards or commercial criteria accepted uniformly in the industry.[citation needed]

Working definitionAs a term, superfruit may have two meanings according to interest – one for commercial success, and another for health properties. Below, these together combine with other criteria to qualify a superfruit.

Definition by commercial success or promise of health benefitsA superfruit is thought by many consumers to be any fruit offering value beyond basic nutrition.[14] Key criteria for superfruit success appear to include novelty, perceived health benefits, convenience, reliable supply and effective promotion.

Juices and fruit blend beverages are popular for consuming superfruits at present as beverages seem preferred for convenience and product enjoyment. Fruit juice remains one of the only foods consumers still regard as "natural" even when pasteurized and processed.

Additionally, mainstream consumers seem to accept juices of fruits that would not be popular in fresh form, such as noni andpomegranate – two of the largest selling juices.[14] Tahitian Noni began selling noni juice in 1996, and claims $2 billion in sales during their first 10 years of operation.[15] Earlier reports showed pomegranate-based products grew nearly 400 per cent over 2005-7 from new launches, a gain exceeding all the previous six years.[16] Similarly, XanGo, a multiple-fruit juice containing mangosteen juice, grew from $40 million in 2002 sales to over $200 million in 2005,[15] with anticipated total sales for 2006–7 of approximately $400 million.[citation needed]

To begin consideration of commercial characteristics that may apply to defining a superfruit are criteria related to market success or promise for gaining health benefits

  1. Novelty judged by consumers
  2. Appeal to consumers (visual, aromatic, taste, physical, perceived health benefit)
  3. Supply by growers, processors and shipping capabilities
  4. Production by farmers and manufacturers
  5. Convenience of using the raw material
  6. Promotion, marketing and distribution
  7. Creation of a market niche, employing a low-volume, high-value strategy relative to major retail brands[17]
  8. Sales year over year
  9. Growth potential, innovative new products
One 2007 strategy of manufacturers is to use superfruits to enhance flavor of other products, attempting to mask tastes or provide impressions of novelty and health.[18] With some 5,000 new products introduced in 2005 on berries alone[19] and more than 500 new superfruit products launched in 2006,[14] the superfruit category is establishing significant commercial presence. DataMonitor includes the superfruit category as one of the top 10 global trends in consumer products for 2008.[20]

Definition by potential for health propertiesAlthough a superfruit category has not been defined scientifically, its foundation presumably would involve characteristics of 1) highnutrient density, 2) superior antioxidant quality, 3) potential health benefits and/or 4) ease with which the fruit can be further designed through breeding to contain characteristics demanded by consumers, such as flavor, appearance, fragrance and health benefits.

Evidence for these third and fourth criteria would include intensity of the current research effort and/or preliminary evidence for lowered disease risk in human subjects ("disease impact").

  1. Nutrient density
  2. Fulfilling a significant percentage of the Daily Value for a key nutrient(s) by consumption of a single serving
  3. Antioxidant strength
  4. Capability to affect other molecules, biomarkers and cell or organ function in a well-designed laboratory experiment
  5. Capability for horticultural breeding to modify the fruit's characteristics for improved nutrient and/or phytochemical composition
  6. Intensity of current basic medical research and, if applicable, status of existing human clinical trials
  7. Potential for preventing or lowering risk of disease
Commonly mentioned superfruitsFormat: common name, botanical name, main country(ies) of origin supplying the commercial market.

Apples (Malus domestica), oranges (Citrus sinensis), tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) and common berries, such as strawberries (Fragaria vesca), red raspberries (Rubus idaeus) and blackberries (Rubus ursinus) used for a large number of consumer products, achieve many of the criteria to be superfruits. They are, however, commonly known in the public and have not attracted interest as novelty ingredients, so are not usually included in industry reports as superfruits.

Emerging superfruit candidatesOther superfruit candidates emerging with medical research evidence for high nutrient and antioxidant contents having potential health properties or mentioned in 2006–9 industry reports include those below. References provide research evidence for significant nutrient or phytochemical content or potential anti-disease properties.

Collectively, however, there is insufficient commercial and/or medical research activity to confirm these species as superfruits.[citation needed]

Similarly, as discovered in Australia and Africa, several fruit species mostly unknown to science and commerce have characteristics that may eventually qualify them for superfruit status.[48][49][50]

References
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